What does apostle mean? Paul said that Andronicus and Junia were apostles. What did he mean? I, ed. Piper and W. Ronald L. Outsanding Among the Apos-tles Romans Dianne D. John E. Steely, New York: Abingdon Press, , John A. Ibid, Thomas R.
Craig S. From Issue:. Hymns to Celebrate Women of Faith. Editor's Reflections Summer I like it. Goodbye Sam. I can hear that you are a nice person, despite not liking the tone of my website, and I wish you well. Chrysostom was the Archbishop of Constantinople and died in He was a native Greek speaker and an educated Greek speaker. He recognised that Andronicus and Junia were apostles and he had a very high view of apostles.
Understand how great this accolade is! Now they were notable because of their deeds, because of their successes. What is the extent of the philosophy accomplishment of this woman as to also be worthy of the title of the apostles? No one had trouble thinking Junia was an apostle when they thought the name was actually Junias male, not female.
Now that scholars have proved she was a female, people are dancing around what Paul says about her. It is a case of letting a presupposition in this case that a woman could not possibly be an apostle determine their interpretation. Marg, I have always appreciated your careful scholarship, especially when it comes to translation and historical accuracy. Thank you for your excellent work. You are making a valuable contribution to the church…even way over here in the States!!
Thanks, Julie. The idea that Andronicus and Junia were apostles, or missionaries, is really a no-brainer when we take the Greek text at face value and listen to all Paul says about them. The Bible associates the title Apostle with very few people. Note how so many of the New Testament books identify the author as an Apostle right in the beginning. Clearly this is an important distinction.
Its also why so many false teachers today label themselves Apostles. It sways people. All through history people have assumed titles when they tried to sway the masses.
The Bible is clear. This in no way detracts at all from all the contributions Junia made to the spread of The Word back then.
She was, along with other women of the time, a vital and highly valued contributor and supporter. Hence why the Bible mentions her so frequently. I see Barnabas referred to as an apostle by Paul. Please let me know where in the Bible it confers that title to him.
Thank you Marg for your well researched and well written articles. I love that when something is not clear you can leave it there but with the possibilities laid out. I think you are extremely patient with some of the less than positive replies you receive, responding with much grace.
God bless you and your ministry. Luke Now they were Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James: and the other women with them told these things unto the apostles. If you have other verses that support that it might be good to mention them. Paul is obviously deemed an apostle and states that in the beginning of many of the books of the New Testament and refers to Barnabas as one as well as you mentioned and is clearly in the Bible.
Also, there are at present many fine Bible scholars who belong to the Roman Catholic church. Sam, you freely criticise others but the speck in your own eye is large.
Your knowledge of what the Bible actually says is not as good as you seem to think it is. I do welcome constructive criticism, however, especially when it is expressed succinctly. I have other things to do. Goodbye , Sam. Your email address will not be published. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.
I consent for you to add me to your subscriber list for the purpose of receiving new blog posts and other updates. Would you like to support my ministry of encouraging mutuality and equality between men and women in the church and in marriage? Romans NIV A Female Missionary Junia, mentioned by the apostle Paul in his letter to the Romans, is a woman whose identity and whose ministry has been much discussed in the past few decades.
Are Junia and Joanna the same person? Conclusion Junia was one of the first Christians and, if she was Joanna, she would have even known Jesus personally. Hi Bob, Thanks for your question. Marg, Gotcha. My own search for an attestation has also proved fruitless. This means that we do not have a single shred of evidence that the name Junias ever existed. Junianius, Junilius, and Junius are common enough. It is true that Greek names could have abbreviated forms ending in -as e.
Latin hypocoristica, however, are usually formed by lengthening the name e. The Junias hypothesis presupposes that Latin names were regularly abbreviated in the Greek fashion, which is not the case. The feminine Junia, by contrast, is a common name in both Greek and Latin inscriptions and literature.
In short, literally all of the philological evidence points to the feminine Junia. What does it mean that Junia and Andronicus were apostles? Was the apostolic charge not limited to the Twelve? New Testament usage varies on this point. Precisely because of the seriousness with which he defends his own claim to apostleship he says that he received his call from Christ himself: Galatians , 11f.
The implications for women priests should be self-evident. If the first century Junia could be an apostle, it is hard to see how her twentieth century counterpart should not be allowed to become even a priest. The following comments summarize briefly the results of a comprehensive study of the history of interpretation of Romans and of the inscriptional evidence for the name IOUNIAN.
The reader interested in more complete documentation is referred to that study, which will be published in the near future. The amp text reads Junias; however, two footnotes strongly suggest it should read Junia. On what basis did the later s translations suddenly change the gender of Iounian?
Westcott and F. Hort and in by Samuel P. Darby also used Tregelles, as did the RV. To be clear, the editions of the Greek NT used as a textual basis for these translations do not support a male reading; therefore, one must question the motives of these English translators.
Given the issue of suffrage, which was controversial during this same era, some form of bias against women played a part in how these Bibles came to read Junias rather than Junia. On a worldwide basis, the right of women to vote was a long, contentious battle that took many decades to resolve.
In the United Kingdom, women were barred from voting by the Reform Act of , and it was not until that women had the same voting rights as men. In the United States, women finally earned the right to vote in after nearly years of advocacy, during which time the ASV was published.
Horace Bushnell, an influential American theologian and minister, wrote a rambling book in in which he argued that women were not created or called to govern. Nor should they have the right to vote. Such long held prejudice against women from within the church, in society in general, and efforts to prevent women from voting may have contributed to the bias reflected in how those Bible translations changed the gender of Iounian from female to male without textual support!
Support for the male name Junias supposedly comes from later manuscripts dated from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Therefore, Iounian must have been a male! But manuscripts from this late date do not provide any justification to support a male reading.
Contrary to the impressive list of ancient support for a female name, there is no support for a male reading in the latest Greek NTs. Their search was limited, inconclusive, and inaccurate. It does not prove that Junia was not a common name in ancient writings, and it is in opposition to the actual physical evidence mentioned earlier.
Belleville performed the same database search and found seven names, not three. Cervin also states that Junias is not found on any inscription, public monument, graffito, or in any literary document. The Devil seeks to vomit out this disorder through women. We wish to apply masculine reasoning and destroy the folly of these Women. The majority of the translators of this small number of Bibles have aligned themselves with a complementarian view of Scripture.
They reject Junia as being an apostle and are to varying degrees affiliated with conservative groups that oppose women in ministry leadership positions. One example is the EHV, a publication of the Wartburg Project and thus of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod, which has a doctrinal statement that, among other restrictions, denies women the right to participate in any gathering which would involve authority over a man.
Noted Greek scholar A. But it can mean simply that they were famous in the circle of the apostles in the technical sense. He also states that Rom is unclear but makes no attempt to explain why. Craig Keener expresses serious doubt about any such interpretation, saying:. It is also unnatural to read the text as merely claiming that they had a high reputation with the apostles.
Since they were imprisoned with him, Paul knows them well enough to recommend them without appealing to the other apostles, whose judgment he never cites on such matters. Paul nowhere limits the apostolic company to the Twelve plus himself, as some have assumed see especially 1 Cor. Those who favor the view that Junia was not a female apostle do so because of their prior assumption that women could not be apostles, not because of any evidence in the text. All three scholars point out various serious weaknesses and errors in the evidence presented.
Burer and Wallace assume a conclusion not found in the evidence. In , Burer responds to the critical analysis and objections previously raised by the egalitarian scholars.
Burer quotes Chrysostom at least five times in his defense. After all, Chrysostom and Origen, who gave testimony to Junia, were native speaking Greeks! It is amazing that certain complementarian scholars discount or overlook purposely or otherwise the reality that those early church leaders certainly knew Greek and the ancient culture beyond the comprehension of anyone living today. Apostles were called to preach the word of God to the body of Christ.
Who are the named apostles in Scripture?
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