What is boundary work

The first law of thermodynamics and the work can then be expressed as:. When a thermodynamic system changes from an initial state to a final state , it passes through a series of intermediate states.

We call this series of states a path. There are always infinitely many different possibilities for these intermediate states. When they are all equilibrium states, the path can be plotted on a pV-diagram. One of the most important conclusions is that:. The work done by the system depends not only on the initial and final states, but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. As can be seen from the picture p-V diagram , work is path dependent variable.

The second process shows, that work is greater and that depends on path of the process. In this case the final state is the same as the initial state , but the total work done by the system is not zero. A positive value for work indicates that work is done by the system on its surroundings.

A negative value indicates that work is done on the system by its surroundings. The enthalpy is defined to be the sum of the internal energy E plus the product of the pressure p and volume V. In many thermodynamic analyses the sum of the internal energy U and the product of pressure p and volume V appears, therefore it is convenient to give the combination a name, enthalpy , and a distinct symbol, H.

See also: Enthalpy. The first law of thermodynamics in terms of enthalpy show us, why engineers use the enthalpy in thermodynamic cycles e.

Brayton cycle or Rankine cycle. Once the process is determined, the pressure-volume relationship for the process can be obtained and the integral in boundary work equation can be performed. For each process we need to determine.

So as we work problems, we will be asking, "What is the pressure-volume relationship for the process? The boundary work is equal to the area under the process curve plotted on the pressure-volume diagram. Robinson 1 and Tabatha J. Wallington 1.

However, there is little critical inquiry about how the interactions between scientific and Indigenous knowledge IK systems can be effectively negotiated for the joint management of social-ecological systems. Such issues are urgent on Indigenous lands where co-management efforts respond to pressing conservation agendas and where the contribution of scientific knowledge and IK is required to better understand and manage complex social-ecological systems.

We draw on the notion of boundary work to examine how interaction at the boundaries of scientific and IK systems can be managed effectively as a contribution to co-management. Attributes of effective boundary work demonstrated in this case include: meaningful participation in agenda setting and joint knowledge production to enable co-managers to translate available knowledge into joint feral animal programs, Indigenous and non-Indigenous ranger efforts to broker interactions between knowledge systems that are supported by co-governance arrangements to ensure that boundary work remains accountable, and the production of collaboratively built boundary objects e.